| Name: | CFD Research Corporation |
| Jurisdiction: | Alabama |
| Legal type: | Domestic Corporation |
| Status: | Exists |
| Date of registration: | 09 Jan 1987 (38 years ago) |
| Entity Number: | 000-114-905 |
| Register Number: | 000114905 |
| County: | Madison |
| Place of Formation: | Madison County |
| Registered Office Street Address: | 6820 MOQUIN DRHUNTSVILLE, AL 35806 |
| Registered Office Street Address ZIP Code: | 35806 |
| Authorized Capital: | $11,000 |
| Paid Share Capital: | ---- |
Activities
ENGINEERING & CONSULTING SERVICES
| Unique Entity ID | Expiration Date | Physical Address | Mailing Address | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V3KCP1HNFM33 | 2024-11-09 | 6820 MOQUIN DR NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, 2900, USA | 6820 MOQUIN DR NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, 2900, USA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| URL | http://www.cfd-research.com |
| Congressional District | 05 |
| State/Country of Incorporation | AL, USA |
| Activation Date | 2023-11-14 |
| Initial Registration Date | 2002-03-05 |
| Entity Start Date | 1987-01-09 |
| Fiscal Year End Close Date | Dec 30 |
Service Classifications
| NAICS Codes | 336419, 518210, 541330, 541380, 541511, 541513, 541690, 541713, 541714, 541715, 541990 |
Points of Contacts
| Electronic Business | |
|---|---|
| Title | PRIMARY POC |
| Name | STEPHEN CAYSON |
| Role | COO |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, USA |
| Title | ALTERNATE POC |
| Name | MONCIA WHITAKER |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, USA |
| Government Business | |
|---|---|
| Title | PRIMARY POC |
| Name | TANU SINGHAL |
| Role | SR. CONTRACTS ADMINISTRATOR |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, USA |
| Title | ALTERNATE POC |
| Name | MONCIA WHITAKER |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, USA |
| Past Performance | |
|---|---|
| Title | PRIMARY POC |
| Name | RICHARD THOMS |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, USA |
| Title | ALTERNATE POC |
| Name | VINCENT HARRAND |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806, USA |
| CAGE number | Status | Type | Established | CAGE Update Date | CAGE Expiration | SAM Expiration | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0DEW1 | Active | Non-Manufacturer | 1988-06-23 | 2024-07-17 | 2029-07-17 | 2025-07-15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| POC | TANU SINGHAL |
| Phone | +1 256-361-0799 |
| Address | 6820 MOQUIN DR NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 2900, UNITED STATES |
Ownership of Offeror Information
| Highest Level Owner | Information not Available |
|---|
| Immediate Level Owner | Information not Available |
|---|
| List of Offerors (1) | |
|---|---|
| CAGE number | 8JFC6 |
| Owner Type | Immediate |
| Legal Business Name | SONOPRO TECH LLC |
| LEI number | Registered As | Jurisdiction Of Formation | General Category | Entity Status | Entity created at | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 254900TX8TZZ6UBMU489 | 000-114-905 | US-AL | GENERAL | ACTIVE | 1987-01-09 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal | C/O SAMEER SINGHAL, 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, US-AL, US, 35806 |
| Headquarters | 6820 MOQUIN DR, HUNTSVILLE, US-AL, US, 35806 |
Registration details
| Registration Date | 2024-04-11 |
| Last Update | 2024-04-11 |
| Status | ISSUED |
| Next Renewal | 2025-04-11 |
| LEI Issuer | 5493001KJTIIGC8Y1R12 |
| Corroboration Level | FULLY_CORROBORATED |
| Data Validated As | 000-114-905 |
| Plan Name | Plan Year | EIN/PN | Received | Sponsor | Total number of participants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION HEALTH & WELFARE BENEFIT PLAN | 2023 | 630944385 | 2024-07-30 | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION | 203 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active participants | 239 |
| Retired or separated participants receiving benefits | 1 |
| Other retired or separated participants entitled to future benefits | 0 |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 501 |
| Effective date of plan | 2018-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s mailing address | 6820 MOQUIN DRIVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
Number of participants as of the end of the plan year
| Active participants | 173 |
| Retired or separated participants receiving benefits | 1 |
| Other retired or separated participants entitled to future benefits | 0 |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 501 |
| Effective date of plan | 2018-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s mailing address | 6820 MOQUIN DRIVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
Number of participants as of the end of the plan year
| Active participants | 142 |
| Retired or separated participants receiving benefits | 0 |
| Other retired or separated participants entitled to future benefits | 0 |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 501 |
| Effective date of plan | 2018-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s mailing address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
Number of participants as of the end of the plan year
| Active participants | 157 |
| Retired or separated participants receiving benefits | 0 |
| Other retired or separated participants entitled to future benefits | 0 |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 501 |
| Effective date of plan | 2018-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s mailing address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
Number of participants as of the end of the plan year
| Active participants | 151 |
| Retired or separated participants receiving benefits | 0 |
| Other retired or separated participants entitled to future benefits | 0 |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 501 |
| Effective date of plan | 2018-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s mailing address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 35806 |
Number of participants as of the end of the plan year
| Active participants | 139 |
| Retired or separated participants receiving benefits | 0 |
| Other retired or separated participants entitled to future benefits | 0 |
Signature of
| Role | Plan administrator |
| Date | 2019-10-14 |
| Name of individual signing | RICHARD G. WILBOURN |
| Valid signature | Filed with authorized/valid electronic signature |
| Role | Employer/plan sponsor |
| Date | 2019-10-14 |
| Name of individual signing | RICHARD G. WILBOURN |
| Valid signature | Filed with authorized/valid electronic signature |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 001 |
| Effective date of plan | 1988-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 358062922 |
Signature of
| Role | Plan administrator |
| Date | 2018-07-30 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| Role | Employer/plan sponsor |
| Date | 2018-07-30 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 001 |
| Effective date of plan | 1988-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 358062922 |
Signature of
| Role | Plan administrator |
| Date | 2017-07-19 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| Role | Employer/plan sponsor |
| Date | 2017-07-19 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 001 |
| Effective date of plan | 1988-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 358062922 |
Signature of
| Role | Plan administrator |
| Date | 2016-07-12 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| Role | Employer/plan sponsor |
| Date | 2016-07-12 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| File | View Page |
| Three-digit plan number (PN) | 001 |
| Effective date of plan | 1988-01-01 |
| Business code | 541990 |
| Sponsor’s telephone number | 2567264800 |
| Plan sponsor’s address | 701 MCMILLIAN WAY NW, HUNTSVILLE, AL, 358062922 |
Signature of
| Role | Plan administrator |
| Date | 2015-10-07 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| Role | Employer/plan sponsor |
| Date | 2015-10-07 |
| Name of individual signing | DAVID FRENCH |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| SAMEER SINGHAL | Agent |
| Name | Role | Address |
|---|---|---|
| SINGHAL, ASHOK K | Director | 55 MCMULLEN LANEGURLEY, AL 35748 |
| SINGHAL, SANGEETA | Director | 55 MCMULLEN LANEGURLEY, AL 35748 |
| PRZEKWAS, ANDRZEJ J | Director | 58 LEDGES VIEW DRHUNTSVILLE, AL 25802 |
| COSUMANO, JOSEPH M | Director | 707 INDIAN RIVER DR SEHUNTSVILLE, AL 35803 |
| Name | Role | Address |
|---|---|---|
| SINGHAL, ASHOK K | Incorporator | 55 MCMULLEN LANEGURLEY, AL 35748 |
| Event Date | Event Type | Old Value | New Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-08-09 | Capital Change | $10,000 Authorized ---- Paid In | $11,000 Authorized ---- Paid In |
| Contract Type | Award or IDV Flag | PIID | Start Date | Current End Date | Potential End Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEFINITIVE CONTRACT | AWARD | FA955008C0069 | 2008-09-30 | 2009-06-29 | 2009-06-29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligated Amount | 99915.00 |
| Current Award Amount | 99915.00 |
| Potential Award Amount | 99915.00 |
Description
| Title | (STTR PHASE 1) HYBRID APPROACH FOR MULTI-SCALE MODELING OF RADIATION TRANSFER IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL NON-GRAY MEDIA |
| NAICS Code | 541712: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND LIFE SCIENCES (EXCEPT BIOTECHNOLOGY) |
| Product and Service Codes | AJ16: R&D-PHYSICAL SCIENCE-MGMT SUP |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, MADISON, ALABAMA, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_FA955008C0062_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Award Amounts
| Obligated Amount | 99913.00 |
| Current Award Amount | 99913.00 |
| Potential Award Amount | 99913.00 |
Description
| Title | (STTR PHASE 1) ADVANCED DATA MINING TOOL FOR FEATURE DETECTION IN TURBULENT FLOW SIMULATIONS |
| NAICS Code | 541712: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND LIFE SCIENCES (EXCEPT BIOTECHNOLOGY) |
| Product and Service Codes | AJ16: R&D-PHYSICAL SCIENCE-MGMT SUP |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, MADISON, ALABAMA, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_NNK08EB52C_8000_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | STTR 2006 PHASE II RESEARCH PROJECT ENTITLED: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ROCKET EXHAUST INTERACTION WITH LUNAR SOIL. THE DEBRIS SIMULATION TOOL WILL BE OF FIRST ORDER IMPORTANCE TO THE SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM FOR LUNAR ROBOTIC AND HUMAN MISSION ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION. THE TOOL WILL BE EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO FOLLOW-ON MARS ROBOTIC AND HUMAN MISSIONS. THE DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY WILL ALSO BE APPLICABLE FOR ANALYSIS OF SOLID PROPULSION SYSTEMS WITH EMBEDDED SOLID PARTICLE. ROCKET PLUME IMPINGEMENT CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE AND CONTAMINATE CO-LANDING SPACECRAFT AND SURROUNDING HABITAT STRUCTURES DURING LUNAR LANDING OPERATIONS. CFDRC AND THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA WILL DEVELOP AN INNOVATIVE SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING SURFACE EROSION AND DEBRIS TRANSPORT CAUSED BY LUNAR SURFACE ROCKET PLUME IMPINGEMENT. THIS SIMULATION SYSTEM COMBINES 1) A UNIFIED CONTINUUM-RAREFIED FLOW SOLVER CAPABLE OF SIMULATING PLUME IMPINGEMENT FLOW IN LUNAR VACUUM, 2) GRANULAR SOLID-FLUID INTERACTION SIMULATION MODELS FOR DEVELOPING DATABASES FOR LUNAR SOIL EROSION AND DEBRIS PARTICLE RELEASE MECHANISM, AND 3) PARTICLE TRACKING TOOLS TO SIMULATE DEBRIS KINETICS AND DISPERSION AFTER LIBERATION. DURING PHASE I, THE UNIFIED FLOW SOLVER (UFS) CAPABILITIES IN SIMULATING HYBRID RAREFIED-CONTINUUM PLUME FLOW, AND THE DEBRIS DISPERSION TRACKING CAPABILITIES WERE DEMONSTRATED. THE FLUID-SOLID SIMULATION TOOLS REALISTICALLY SIMULATED JET INDUCED SOIL GRAIN RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS, CLEARING THE PATH TOWARDS ESTABLISHING WORKING MODELS OF EROSION AND PARTICLE RELEASE MECHANISMS. IN PHASE II, THE INDIVIDUAL MODULES WILL BE REFINED, VALIDATED AND INTEGRATED INTO A COHERENT SIMULATION SYSTEM. THE SOLID-FLUID INTERACTION PHYSICS WILL BE REFINED FOR THE PECULIAR LUNAR SOIL LAYER CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSEQUENTLY SOIL EROSION MODELS WILL BE DERIVED. THE EROSION MODELS WILL SERVE TO PRESCRIBE DEBRIS INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR A DEBRIS-TRACKING MODULE DEVELOPED AND INTEGRATED WITH THE FLOW SOLVER. THE SIMULATION CAPABILITY WILL BE ESSENTIAL FOR PREDICTING THE SEVERITY AND RANGE OF DUST AND DEBRIS TRANSPORT AND FOR DESIGNING LUNAR SETTLEMENT LAYOUT, DUST AND DEBRIS IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES. |
| NAICS Code | 541330: ENGINEERING SERVICES |
| Product and Service Codes | AR32: SPACE FLIGHT (APPLIED/EXPLORATORY) |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_W81XWH08C0019_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | SBIR PHASE I RAD 3/USACEHR A072-147-0291 |
| NAICS Code | 541690: OTHER SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CONSULTING SERVICES |
| Product and Service Codes | AN91: OTHER MEDICAL (BASIC) |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_FA930008C2102_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Award Amounts
| Obligated Amount | 749965.00 |
| Current Award Amount | 749965.00 |
| Potential Award Amount | 749965.00 |
Description
| Title | SBIR II |
| NAICS Code | 541712: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND LIFE SCIENCES (EXCEPT BIOTECHNOLOGY) |
| Product and Service Codes | AC21: R&D-MISSILE & SPACE SYS-B RES |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, MADISON, ALABAMA, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_LERC0200206DNAS301145_8000_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | REVOLUTIONARY AERO-SPACE ENGINE RESEARCH |
| NAICS Code | 541710 |
| Product and Service Codes | AR11: R&D-AERO & SPACE TECH-B RES |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_FA930006C1002_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | NO COST TIME EXTENSION |
| NAICS Code | 541710 |
| Product and Service Codes | AC21: R&D-MISSILE & SPACE SYS-B RES |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 35805 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_N6833508C0452_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | SBIR P1 |
| NAICS Code | 541712: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND LIFE SCIENCES (EXCEPT BIOTECHNOLOGY) |
| Product and Service Codes | AC61: R&D-ELECTRONICS & COMM EQ-B RES |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_FA875008C0179_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | ENABLING THE MODELING AND DESTABILIZATION OF TERROR NETWORKS |
| NAICS Code | 541712: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND LIFE SCIENCES (EXCEPT BIOTECHNOLOGY) |
| Product and Service Codes | AD92: OTHER DEFENSE (APPLIED/EXPLORATORY) |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 358051926 |
| Unique Award Key | CONT_AWD_W31P4Q08C0019_9700_-NONE-_-NONE- |
| Awarding Agency | Department of Defense |
| Link | View Page |
Description
| Title | ADMIN MOD TO CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE |
| NAICS Code | 541712: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND LIFE SCIENCES (EXCEPT BIOTECHNOLOGY) |
| Product and Service Codes | AD92: OTHER DEFENSE (APPLIED/EXPLORATORY) |
Recipient Details
| Recipient | CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION |
| UEI | V3KCP1HNFM33 |
| Legacy DUNS | 185169620 |
| Recipient Address | UNITED STATES, 215 WYNN DR NW FL 5, HUNTSVILLE, 358051926 |
Date of last update: 31 Jul 2024
Sources: Alabama Secretary of State
